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The working principle of activated carbon decolorization is mainly based on its strong adsorption capacity, including physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Due to its large specific surface area and porous structure, activated carbon can adsorb and remove impurities in the solution, thereby making the solution transparent or reducing the color.

The main working principles are as follows:

Physical adsorption: The interaction force between activated carbon and impurities is mainly van der Waals force, etc. This adsorption is reversible and can be achieved by changing temperature, pressure and concentration.

Chemical adsorption: After activated carbon adsorbs impurity molecules, chemical reactions will occur to form chemical bonds. This adsorption is irreversible and can be promoted by changing the pH value of the solution or adding appropriate chemical reagents.

Selective adsorption: Activated carbon can selectively adsorb pigments to varying degrees according to molecular size, shape and polarity.